The early Judeo-Christian writings discovered in 1945 along with the amazing discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls in 1947 have given scholars a better picture of the beliefs early Christians. The early Christians were Jews who followed Jesus' teachings of obeying the law of God but did not renounce their Jewish heritage and religion as Paul did. They were believers in the special teachings of Jesus handed down directly from the twelve apostles but were not given to the general public. These secret or "hidden" teachings involve two forms of the concept of resurrection: (1) a spiritual resurrection or spiritual rebirth by the Holy Spirit known as becoming born again, and (2) a bodily resurrection or bodily re-birth of a human spirit known as reincarnation. The champion of this lost doctrine of the resurrection was the early Church Father Origen (185-232 A.D.) who was the first theologian after Paul to develop a system of theology around the teachings of Jesus. Unfortunately, Origen's teachings on pre-existence and its corresponding principle called reincarnation were declared heresy and condemned at the Synod of Constantinople in 543 A.D. and was ratified by the Fifth Ecumenical Council in 553 A.D.